These are weight ounces (16 oz = 1 lb) — different from the fluid ounces used for feed concentration.
Uses 1 fl oz = 30 mL (standard clinical rounding).
Human milk/term formula runs roughly 0.010–0.015 g/mL protein and 0.035–0.040 g/mL fat — check the label of the feed actually being used. Used below in the Nutrition Summary.
At that interval, number of feeds per day exceeds allowable.
Total volume/day = volume per feed × feeds/day. Editing mL/kg/day or kcal/kg/day recalculates volume per feed, keeping feeds/day fixed. The hours field is independent and does not affect the calculation.
mL is the rate per hour. Editing mL/kg/day or kcal/kg/day recalculates the rate, keeping hours/day fixed.
1 fl oz = 30 mL. Weight ounces use 16 oz = 1 lb, 1 lb = 0.453592 kg.
kcal/mL = (kcal/oz) / 30
Bolus: total mL/day = volume per feed × feeds/day. The hours (interval) box shown in the app is independent and for reference only — it does not factor into the calculation.
Continuous: mL is the rate per hour. total mL/day = rate (mL/hr) × hours/day running
mL/kg/day = total mL/day / weight (kg)
kcal/kg/day = mL/kg/day × kcal/mL
When mL/kg/day or kcal/kg/day is edited directly, the calculator solves backward for volume per feed (bolus, keeping feeds/day fixed) or rate (continuous, keeping hours/day fixed).
Breast milk and standard term formula run roughly 6.8–7.4 g/dL carbohydrate — check the label of the feed actually being used.
GIR = (Carbohydrate g/dL × enteral mL/kg/day) / 144. Feeds into the Total GIR and Nutrition Summary in the Parenteral Nutrition section below.
This combines the TPN dextrose/protein fluid with lipids only (not the extra IV line or enteral feeds) — see Total GIR below for the all-sources dextrose picture, and Nutrition Summary further down for the full enteral + parenteral picture.
The TPN rate below feeds both the Dextrose and Protein sections. Lipids run as a separate line with their own rate.
Used by the Dextrose from TPN and Protein sections below.
GIR = (Dextrose% × TPN rate mL/hr) / (weight kg × 6). Editing GIR solves backward for Dextrose%, using the TPN rate above.
Add another dextrose-containing IV line here (e.g. a separate maintenance D10 drip) if one is running alongside the TPN.
GIR (this line) = (Dextrose% × rate mL/hr) / (weight kg × 6). Appears as "Extra IV Fluids" in the GIR Summary table below, added to GIR from TPN for the total.
Carbohydrate from Enteral Feeds has moved to the Enteral Nutrition section above — its result still feeds into the Total GIR below.
| Source | GIR (mg/kg/min) |
|---|---|
| TPN | – |
| Extra IV Fluids | – |
| Enteral Feeds | – |
| Total | – |
TPN + IV fluids + enteral feeds, combined.
GIR from an IV line (mg/kg/min) = (Dextrose% × rate mL/hr) / (weight kg × 6) — the TPN line and any additional IV line are each computed this way, then summed.
GIR from enteral feeds (mg/kg/min) = (Carbohydrate g/dL × enteral volume mL/kg/day) / 144 — averaged over 24 hours, using the total mL/kg/day from the Bolus + Continuous feeds section above.
Total GIR = GIR from TPN + GIR from Extra IV Fluids + GIR from Enteral Feeds
A combined GIR in the usual 4–12 mg/kg/min range is a common NICU convention shown as guidance only — always verify against your unit's protocol.
Protein g/kg/day = (Amino acid% × TPN volume mL/day) / (100 × weight kg). Editing Protein solves backward for Amino acid%, using the TPN rate/hours above.
Protein (g/kg/day) = (Amino acid% × TPN volume mL/day) / (100 × weight kg)
Protein kcal/g = 4.
Usual range ~1.5–4 g/kg/day is a common NICU convention shown as guidance only — always verify against your unit's protocol.
Lipid g/day = rate × hours × (lipid% / 100). A 20% emulsion ≈ 2 kcal/mL; other concentrations are scaled the same way. Uses the weight entered above.
Lipid (g/kg/day) = (Lipid volume mL/day × lipid% / 100) / weight kg
Lipid kcal/mL ≈ (lipid% / 10), so a 20% emulsion ≈ 2 kcal/mL.
Usual range ~0.5–3.5 g/kg/day is a common NICU convention shown as guidance only — always verify against your unit's protocol.
Combines Enteral (Bolus + Continuous feeds above) with Parenteral (TPN above).
| Metric | Enteral | Parenteral | Total | % of Kcal |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| mL/kg/day | – | – | – | – |
| kcal/kg/day | – | – | – | – |
| Protein (g/kg/day) | – | – | – | – |
| Carbohydrate (g/kg/day) | – | – | – | – |
| Lipid (g/kg/day) | – | – | – | – |
% of Kcal = that macronutrient's calories (carbohydrate & protein ≈ 4 kcal/g enteral / 3.4 kcal/g parenteral dextrose; lipid ≈ 9 kcal/g enteral / per the lipid emulsion above parenterally) divided by total kcal/kg/day. Because enteral kcal/kg/day comes from the feed's labeled energy density rather than a macro breakdown, the three percentages are an estimate and may not sum to exactly 100%.
Enteral protein/lipid use the Protein (g/mL) / Lipid (g/mL) entered in Feed Concentration above; enteral carbohydrate uses the Carbohydrate (g/dL) entered in the GIR section above. Parenteral values come from the TPN section above.
MAP = ((rate × Ti / 60) × (PIP − PEEP)) + PEEP
OI = (MAP × FiO₂%) / PaO₂ (mmHg). In kPa mode, PaO₂ is converted using 1 kPa ≈ 7.5 mmHg.
AaDO₂ = (7.13 × FiO₂%) − (PaCO₂ / 0.8) − PaO₂, computed in mmHg. In kPa mode, PaCO₂ and PaO₂ are converted using 1 kPa ≈ 7.5 mmHg.
Mean Airway Pressure: MAP = ((rate × Ti / 60) × (PIP − PEEP)) + PEEP
Oxygenation Index: OI = (MAP × FiO₂%) / PaO₂ (mmHg). In kPa mode: OI = (MAP × FiO₂%) / (PaO₂ × 7.5)
Alveolar-arterial O₂ Gradient: AaDO₂ = (7.13 × FiO₂%) − (PaCO₂ / 0.8) − PaO₂, all in mmHg. In kPa mode, PaCO₂ and PaO₂ are converted to mmHg (×7.5) before the calculation, and the AaDO₂ result is converted back to kPa (÷7.5).
FiO₂ is entered and used as a percentage (21–100), not a fraction. Reference ranges (PIP 8–50, PEEP 0–12, rate 20–100/min, Ti 0.2–1.0s, MAP 3–30, FiO₂ 21–100%, PaCO₂ 10–200mmHg / 1–27kPa, PaO₂ 3–600mmHg / 0.4–80kPa) follow common NICU calculator conventions (adapted from nicutools.org) and are shown as guidance only.
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by John Chuo